Effective thermal conductivity and axial porosity distribution of a rock-bed TES system: CFD modeling and experimental validation

Zavattoni, Simone and Barbato, Maurizio and Pedretti, Andrea and Zanganeh, Giw and Steinfeld, Aldo (2012) Effective thermal conductivity and axial porosity distribution of a rock-bed TES system: CFD modeling and experimental validation. In: SolarPACES 2012 International Conference, 11.09.2012-14.09.2012, Marrakech, Morocco.

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Abstract

The present study aims at modeling, by means of time-dependent 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the behavior of an experimental pebble bed TES system. The TES system prototype is composed by a concrete vessel with the shape of a truncated cone (4 m high, 4 m and 2.5 m the top and the bottom diameters respectively). It is filled with 25 m3 of homogeneous natural rocks, with an average diameter of 0.03 m. The TES system is equipped with six thermocouples allowing continuously monitoring and recording its internal temperature. Air is the energy carrier fluid. The reference experimental test, numerically reproduced, is composed by a continuous charging phase lasting for 82.5 hours. Hot air was provided by means of a tubular 58 kW electric heater. Besides the porosity distribution effect, experimentally observed measuring the void fraction of a purposebuilt facility, a considerable step forward for the model accuracy has been achieved implementing an effective thermal conductivity (ETC) model which accounts for all the heat transfer mechanisms occurring into the packed bed. The ETC model was developed by Kunii & Smith and it is implemented into the CFD solver by means of a purpose-built user defined function (UDF). The CFD simulations were performed with Fluent code from ANSYS

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